He wasn't clipped, he dived. And the ref and VAR agreed.
Not sure VAR clears anything up at any point.
Difficult to see, but I am sure Gundogan feels a touch and tries to use it. Just like the red card which is less likely to be a freekick in any other circumstance than the one that occured as there is hardly any pull or contact enough to go down, but in todays game its the sort of thing you just cannot do.
In the end Barca has suffered at the hands of themselves. Red card could be avoided, penalty was stupidity from Cancelo who lacks a brain, the goal from corner so poorly defended. This is one hundred pecent on Barca, no one else. But I am sure they are clouding themselves with previous years scandalous refereeing and letting that affect their reaction somewhat.