Disclaimer: Chinese-American here (went to HK earlier this year but not up to date)
I think some of the frustration from HKers at the protests is some of the senseless activity that happens. Now things have clearly escalated, and the HKPF have significant culpability here.
Anti-extradition bill protest turns violent in Hong Kong (June 12)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHyJpdxPNVYProtesters storm Hong Kong legislature (SCMP July 1)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwri6IdskNoHongkongers sympathize with LegCo Vandals (SCMP July 4)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiGXNuw5InoRod-wielding mob launches brutal attack on protesters in Hong Kong station (SCMP July 12)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtfZeC8ltfsThings escalated, and the police were useless in the July 12 attack. You see HKers support the protesters. The trust in the police went down significantly and rightfully so.
But what has concerned some is the violence and disruption that's seen today that causes chaos among the general population. Stories of people being attacked for speaking Mandarin, a Japanese tourist attacked because it was thought he was from the mainland, someone being set on fire, someone hit by a brick in the clashes.
Here's some of the videos:
Hong Kong protesters are 'baying for blood' as mobs attack civilians (Sky News September 22: WARNING: video has violence)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bk4P1oeItOAChinese office worker punched by Hong Kong protesters (CNA Singapore October 6)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rfVlZrHx1cHong Kong protesters set fire to Christmas tree in Festival Walk mall (CNA Singapore November 13)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAHoWZgKvuAHong Kong protesters throw molotov cocktails at police and set Christmas tree alight (Telegraph November 13; don't really want to link the Telegraph here but it's a Western news source covering)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXVQNyDDpgAHong Kong protests: student shot and man set on fire during clashes (The Guardian November 11; WARNING of violence)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nk-6atPXx1UElderly woman vents frustration at Hong Kong protesters (SCMP October 7)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPYuGYLesx0Chinese soldiers and residents help clear streets after a week of intense protest in Hong Kong (SCMP November 16)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qri9ac3E3dMThe police and government inaction (and incompetence) clearly contributed to the escalation, but setting civilians on fire? Christmas tree on fire? Punching people?
The PLA being involved in clean up is questionable (there's some legal grey area here as they're garrisoned in HK but can only do certain things), but that video doesn't exactly paint the protesters in a good light, especially if that's a group throwing flaming objects at civilians in the street.
The protests aren't just people demonstrating in front of the legislature or at universities, etc, but it devolved into groups causing potential harm for everyday people, especially for those that don't support the protests. Some in Hong Kong may be asking why protesters are doing some of these things?
Here's an interview summary with a student protester activist (Joey Siu) in the DW (German news) with some quotes below. I haven't listened to the entire interview, so maybe some of this has been taken out of context (you'd hope so), but here it is anyway:
https://www.dw.com/en/hong-kong-will-violence-kill-the-pro-democracy-movement/a-51134455At one point, she says one of the principles among protesters is "about no splitting and no condemning any of our protesters, even though the level of violence they use seems to be … escalating."
The protests originated in a democratic fashion against a legislature/government that was overstepping, but the protests today may concern some Hong Kong residents, even those that support the protests and are against the CCP.
I don't know the situation on the ground, but if violence continues, it could divide the population, which will play right into the CCP's hands.
Protesters MoodI listened to Ira Glass' This American Life radio program, which had a series of stories on the HK protests, with interviews with HK protesters, which follows them through Hong Kong on their protests.
https://www.thisamericanlife.org/686/umbrellas-upI listened to a few of the acts as part of this special. Act I was interesting as it interviews HKers born in 1997 (year of the handover) as part of the "Cursed Generation." You can definitely hear their frustration and sadness from them as they fear for their future. But there's also a sense of "us vs. them" that I don't think helps.
The story of more Mandarin being spoken than Cantonese (as Kashinoda also noted above) was definitely interesting. But what the program fails to note is that Cantonese is well.... Chinese. Ira Glass tells listeners that Cantonese is spoken in HK and Mandarin is what is spoken on the mainland, but it is more complicated than that. But right away it sets up a "us vs. them" mentality to the listener. Another part of the Act I (where Glass even warns listeners of bigoted views) has a protester explain just how much she can't stand mainlanders, calling them "less civilized," "weird," and how she can't stand to be around them. Once again, it's a "us vs. them" mentality. The mainlanders have a perception that HK has a superiority attitude towards mainlanders. I always thought that was way overblown. I mean, there's no doubt HK has been far more advanced over the years and has a much higher standard of living , but I didn't really think too much of it. After all, real estate tycoons, business people, store owners, cab drivers, etc will woo mainlanders to spend money in HK. But this young activist's view was pretty eye-opening, and I wonder how many of the stories of protesters beating people up for speaking Mandarin are true. I mean, if people are harboring these types of views with us vs. them mentality, it makes it more believable (even if I found some of the stories dubious at first).
The activist interviewed here also calls her generation brave and criticizes her parents' generation for not protesting. It seems like a perfect connection to the frustration of young people worldwide ("Ok Boomer"). But what fails to be included is context. If she was born in 1997 and assuming her parents were 30 when they had her, what and when were they supposed to protest? Let's say in 1984 (during the talks) when they weren't even adults? Who would HKers protest then? Thatcher? Deng? CCP? The Tories? The Colonial Governor? The Queen? By the time it was the handover in 1997, her parents were, you know, pregnant with her and preoccupied with her upbringing. Even then, China in 1997 was very different than China in 1967 or 1984. Some HKers may have hoped that as China continued to liberalize, they would be ok. The intrusions have happened more recently, so it seemed unfair that she were so angry at her parents for not doing enough. It still feels like a "us vs. them" mentality.
The frustration is palpable and understandable. After all, Hong Kong is regarded as a success and a miracle. But it was a British colony that would eventually be returned to a less democratic, less liberal government. Its location as a gateway to the mainland with British freedoms gave it rise as one of the most successful cities in the world. But the British never gave HKers citizenship. Nor did they give HKers much of an option on return to the mainland (nor did it have any choice really). The CCP needs to respect "1 country, 2 systems," and indeed that's where it and the HK government has failed its citizens. It's no surprise there's anger among the young generation. But in the end, governments and politicians care about their own interests. Look at Ted Cruz making a big PR move out of the HK protests. Does he truly care about democracy and freedoms? Maybe American citizens do, but his past actions suggest that he works for his own interests. Supporting HK protests helps with public sentiment in America, particularly ahead of the 2020 elections, especially amidst a trade war. But if China and the US work out an agreement (e.g. China removes some tariffs on Iowa farm products, removes Carrie Lam and replaces her with another Beijing puppet, and pulls out of some merger deals, and USA removes some tariffs and pulls the HK Democracy Bill), then Hong Kong will have no say anyway.
It's really tough. There could be a perception that the protests will harm Hong Kong's economy and in turn its leverage. Right now, Hong Kong is still very important to the CCP and also provides a haven for mainlanders to invest, move money, etc. Hong Kong is vital, regardless of what mainlanders might say. But there's no doubt China is trying to push up Shanghai, Shenzhen, and other cities. If Hong Kong loses economic influence, its leverage against mainland China decreases. If it's no longer as strategically important, it'll receive even less international support. Look at other protests around the world. Some of those governments are western allies and some aren't. There's a lot of anti-democratic behavior, but those places are not as influential or mainstream, so politicians don't use them as leverage nearly as much. But if the protesters do nothing, then China can encroach further and further, and there will be nothing the protesters can do years down the road anyway.
And that's the point I think. Protesters don't see any future. Countries don't want to upset the CCP, so they posture and play games (which the CCP is happy to partake in), but HK slips slowly away. The police have escalated, and some protesters respond in kind. The protesters have a "us vs. them" and "now or never' mentality, which rubs some initial supporters the wrong way. Many civilians are angry and tired of the disruptions. The protesters may get isolated, and it only strengthens their resolve. Meanwhile, the inept government does little, the CCP sits back, and western governments profess their "support" ahead of elections, but it'll get swept away when they can bargain with the CCP.
I think the protesters can continue to win hearts and minds, but only if they tone down some of the senseless stuff and act more willing to negotiate (or at least seem more willing to talk). Continue to put pressure on Lam and the government through public channels and support. The lack of leaders that can influence the movement probably doesn't help either. It just seems to be spiraling out of the control.
Throwing molotov cocktails at police and civilians won't do them any good.