Don't know if this will be useful to others too, but this is one QC's conclusion to a summary of the case:
Daphne Romney QC
That’s right but I wouldn’t say it makes the law ‘very unclear’ at all. The underlying issue is freedom of conscience versus neutrality in what you do. There were three basic possible outcomes:
• absolute freedom to refuse on whatever grounds you like
• a duty on everyone to act absolutely neutrally at all times
• some sort of compromise
The court chose the last one - the compromise is that you can’t discriminate against people (on basis of human characteristics like age, sex, race, religion; political opinion isn’t one, except it seems in Northern Ireland), but you can choose not to (do things to help) support their cause.
I don’t think that’s either unreasonable or particularly difficult. In fact I’d suggest it’s the only way that
both freedom of conscience
and non-discrimination can exist. How would eg political freedom have any meaning if (assuming that everyone’s got to make a living) you had no choice but to (help to) support the other side? How would you have the right not to be discriminated against if the refuser’s beliefs were always a get-out?
It’s only unclear if it’s not clear whether the service is personal or part of a cause. There must be examples where it’s genuinely hard to say whether it’s one or the other, but I actually find it surprisingly hard to think of them. The examples that get given so far - printing holocaust denial books, baking a ‘congratulations Adam & Steve’ cake - seem to me at least to be pretty clearly one or the other.