I don't have an Irish surname, but have some in my ancestry, I already knew some of the following but it's interesting to know what the surname means, especially if the meaning is not obvious -
- Irish and Scottish: Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Cionaodha or Mac Cionaoith ‘son of Cionaodh’. Although they were from Armagh before emigrating to Liverpool, there is a possibility that they were Scottish originally. The first one to come to England was an horse ostler who died of cirrhosis, whilst his son was a basket maker who moved to Leyland, where he married a Bannister (the surname meaning "basket maker").
- Irish (Ulster): reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Giollagáin, a double diminutive of giolla ‘lad’. Probably from Louth, but not 100% sure.
- (reduced form, so no O') Irish: from Gaelic Ó Ceallacháin ‘descendant of Ceallachán’, a diminutive of the personal name Ceallach, possibly meaning ‘lover of churches’, from ceall ‘church’, or (more likely) ‘bright-headed’, from cen ‘head’ + lach ‘light’. Oldest known ancestor was a soldier from Roscommon who was stationed at Dover when my ancestor/his daughter was born. He was also stationed in South Africa and China for a while.
- Irish and Scottish: reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Eochaidh ‘son of Eochaidh’, a personal name based on each ‘horse’. Mine were from Dublin.
- Irish: reduced form of MacIlmurray, Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Giolla Mhuire (see Gilmore). Mine were from Meath, so more likely to be Irish and Scottish.
- Irish: Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Conghaile ‘descendant of Conghal’, a name meaning ‘hound valiant’ or of Ó Conghalaigh ‘descendant of Conghalach’, a derivative of Conghal; the two surnames have long been confused. Another possible origin is the West Cork name Mac Coingheallaigh (or Ó Coingheallaigh) ‘son (or ‘descendant’) of Coingheallach’, a personal name meaning ‘faithful to pledges’. Mine have links to Dublin.
- English, Scottish, and Irish: from Rousel, a common Anglo-Norman French nickname for someone with red hair, a diminutive of Rouse with the hypocoristic suffix -el. Americanized spelling of German Rüssel, from a pet form of any of the various personal names formed with the Old High German element hrod ‘renown’. Mine were from Cork.
- Irish: reduced form of O’Sullivan, an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Súileabháin ‘descendant of Súileabhán’, a personal name composed of the elements súil ‘eye’ + dubh ‘black’, ‘dark’ + the diminutive suffix -án. Mine were from Cork.
- Irish: variant of Herlihy. Irish (Munster): Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hUrthuile ‘descendant of Urthuile’. Irish: Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Murthuile, ‘descendant of Murthuile’ (see Murley). English: habitational name from places in Berkshire and Warwickshire so named from Old English hyrne ‘corner’, ‘bend’ + leah ‘wood’, ‘clearing’. Again, mine were also from Cork.