A basic question that I know someone on here will be able to answer in a way I'll understand:
Who does the UK government owe the Covid debt to? Did we borrow the funds from elsewhere or did we print it? If the latter, why do we have to pay it back?
The debt is the same as the rest of our National debt, so borrowed from other countries, pension funds, insurance companies etc as well as NS&I.
Where it gets complicated, is some of the money printed as part of QE is used to buy government debt, but the BoE doesn’t buy it from the government, it buy the debt second hand. What I don’t know is if the government as the debtor pays interest to the BoE as the debt holder, but the BoE is a significant owner of government debt, if not the largest single owner.